DCIS Breast Cancer

Cheap Life – Got Everything Covered – Including Life Insurance?

We learned recently about a lady who was applying for a mortgage and thus arrange life insurance. Since they only in their mid 30s and in good health, she was quite surprised about the breast cancer that her mother suffered in the past had to be questioned. Her mother was also recovered from the disease and had been assured that there is one that achieved in almost all cases, no further progress. Since they knew that was not nine out of ten cases of breast cancer hereditary, not to see ithow it could possibly affect their proposal.

She had filled in the application as best they could. When the mother was still alive and well and in light of the facts mentioned above, she had not worked out under the condition of their mother. The insurers had been asked, however, are diagnosed at what age the mother, she said that information is required to assess accurately the mortgage application.

In fact, the mother had been during a regular mammogram screening diagnosed when, inher mid 50′s â?? almost ten years ago. It was actually a pre-cancerous condition which in 90 per cent of cases does not develop any further. Known as DCIS, or ductal carcinoma in situ, the lady’s mother had actually gone on to write about the uncertainties which surround this type of cancer. Less than 10 per cent of cancers are caused by specific gene defections. She was staggered to discover that simply attending a routing screening could produce possible financial implications years later.

The insurance company were contacted and an excerpt from the book was sent to them, to the point that the doctors knew little about this condition and there was no evidence of a genetic element. She then made a standard policy, no further investigations. Advisory Committee of the consumer group for clinical studies say that it is only in recent years that patients were informed about the possibility of long-term consequences in relation to screening.

The Insurance Ombudsmanwas asked, the possibility that life cover may be refused to investigate whether the applicant has a family history of cancer. The British Medical Association considers the case as an example of how insurers find they are a misuse of such genetic information in the application of the evaluation to the applications.

This case demonstrates the controversial decision by the government to allow insurers to make the use of genetic testing to enable them to identify people with genetic diseases. Thismeans that companies refuse to cover or increase premiums for people who have genes that could lead to deadly diseases can be inherited. The case was apparently called the British Medical Association Ethics Committee. read more http://www.cheaplife.pannipa.com/2009/09/got-everything-covered-including-life-insurance/

Got Everything Covered – Including Life Insurance?

We learned recently about a lady who was applying for a mortgage and therefore arranging life insurance. As she was only in her mid 30′s and in good health, she was quite surprised to be quizzed about the breast cancer which her mother had suffered from in the past. Her mother had recovered well from the illness and had been assured that it was one which, in almost all cases, progressed no further. As she knew the nine out of ten breast cancers were non-hereditary, she failed to see how it could possibly affect her proposal.

She had filled in the application as well as she possibly could. As her mother was alive and well and in view of the facts mentioned above, she had not elaborated on her mother’s condition. The insurers, however, asked at what age her mother had been diagnosed, saying they needed this information to accurately assess the mortgage application.

In actual fact her mother had been diagnosed during a regular breast screening when she was in her mid 50′s – almost ten years ago. It was actually a pre-cancerous condition which in 90 per cent of cases does not develop any further. Known as DCIS, or ductal carcinoma in situ, the lady’s mother had actually gone on to write about the uncertainties which surround this type of cancer. Less than 10 per cent of cancers are caused by specific gene defections. She was staggered to discover that simply attending a routing screening could produce possible financial implications years later.

The insurance company were contacted and an excerpt from the book was sent to them, which made the point that doctors knew little about this condition and there being no evidence of a genetic element. They then issued a standard policy with no further investigations. The Consumers’ Advisory Group for Clinical Trials say that it’s only in recent years that patients have been informed of the possibility of long term consequences regarding screening.

The Insurance Ombudsman has been asked to investigate the possibility that life cover could be refused if applicants have a family history of cancer. The British Medical Association viewed the case as an example of the way insurers may find they’re misusing such genetic information when applying assessments to applications.

This case highlights the controversial decision of the Government to allow insurers to make use of genetic tests, to enable them to identify persons with hereditary illnesses. This means that companies may refuse cover or increase premiums for people who have inherited genes which could lead to fatal conditions. The case has apparently been referred to the British Medical Associations ethics committee.

According to the Association of British Insurers, companies have routinely used genetic information, as they have always asked for details of the family health history for applicants. Whatever the outcome, it’s crucial to be completely open and answer all questions when applying for any type of insurance. Something undisclosed, however trivial it may seem, can cause real problems in the future.

For advice on all things insurance-related, you’ll find all the help you need by going on-line. Find an independent broker, who’ll have the answer to all your questions and an amazingly wide range of products at the very best rates.

How to Preventive Mastectomy

Breast surgery can be either a lumpectomy, where the tumor is removed, or a partial or modified radical mastectomy. With a lumpectomy, it is typically followed by radiation. This way, you get to keep your breast and studies have shown no difference in survival rates between lumpectomy/radiation and mastectomy.

When a pathologist looks at the cells, he or she is looking for abnormalities which could suggest that cancer might develop at a later date. Women may want to consider preventive measures if abnormalities are found to be present in the breast. Those can include careful monitoring with mammography, clinical breast exams and breast self-exams; prophylactic mastectomy (preventive breast removal) for women at very high risk of breast cancer and the use of the drug tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen.

Some women who have a high risk of developing breast cancer may choose to have a preventive mastectomy of both sides with reconstruction to prevent breast cancer from occurring. Women who have this procedure will have a much lower risk of developing the disease.

If your family has a history of breast cancer, you should be doing that anyway. If you do have the gene, you have a number of options. You can simply be frequently monitored to see if you do get cancer. Should you have your breasts and ovaries removed? Preventive oophorectomy (ovary resection) and mastectomy (breast resection) may help. You can take tamoxifen for 5 years.

Some women may choose to surgically remove their breasts in order to prevent breast cancer. This is called a preventive mastectomy. This is usually done by women who have a strong family history of breast cancer, as in several women (usually a woman’s mother, sisters and/or aunts) in the family have been diagnosed with breast cancer. This surgery reduces the risk of breast cancer by as much as 90%.

Sometimes, the surgeon will remove a larger part (but not the whole breast), and this is called a segmental or partial mastectomy. Most patients with DCIS that have a lumpectomy are treated with radiation therapy to prevent the local recurrence of DCIS. More advanced breast cancers are usually treated with a modified radical mastectomy. Modified radical mastectomy means removing the entire breast and dissecting the lymph nodes under the arm.

If there is a family history of breast cancer removal of both  breasts, or prophylactic mastectomy, may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer for a woman. Careful consideration must be given before a woman makes a decision to have prophylactic mastectomy. It is important that breast cancer risk assessments and counseling are undergone before making such a decision. Women who have prophylactic mastectomy may develop anxieties and depression as well as concern about their body image.

First the mastectomy was canceled. On Oct 10th, 2006 before her 2nd chemo treatment, the tumor marker had dropped from 180 to 76! The doctor couldn’t believe it. Char’s says, “I can’t say that I would have survived without the traditional treatments, however I do believe it’s everything including diet, exercise, H20 and sleep. What a concept!”

Read about breast enlargement . Also read about breast enhancement pills and breast enhancing

Should women get mammogram at 40?

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women.  In 2009, approximately 194,280 patients were estimated to be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, and 62,280 with carcinoma in situ.  An estimated 40,610 would have died of this disease.  For a woman of average risk, the lifetime incidence of breast cancer is one in eight.

In November 2009, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) published its recommendations: 1) against routine screening mammography in women aged 40 to 49 years, and 2) for every other year screening mammography for women between the ages of 50 and 74 years.   The USPSTF states that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the benefits of mammography in women 75 years or older.

These new recommendations sent shockwaves throughout the country.  All major cancer organizations including the American Cancer Society voiced their disagreements with these new government guidelines.  It is a well known fact that screening of asymptomatic women has been accredited for the decline in mortality of breast cancer.  This is particularly true for “young” women, the group less than 50 years old.  Even the USPSTF agrees that among women between 39 and 49 years of age, screening mammography results in a 15% reduction in the risk of death from breast cancer.  However, 1,904 such women need to have mammograms to prevent one single death.  For women aged 50 to 59 years, the number needed is 1,339; and the risk reduction is 14%.  One possible interpretation is that it is acceptable to waste 1,338 screenings (1,339 – 1) but unacceptable to waste 1,903 (1,904 – 1).  If you are between 39 and 49 years of age, is your life worth making 1,903 other women have mammograms?  Conversely, would you be willing to get a mammogram so that one life out of 1,904 be saved?

The harms of mammogram stem from false-positives, meaning an abnormality on mammogram that turns out to not be cancer.  The USPSTF lists pain, anxiety, return doctor visit, and unwarranted imaging and biopsy.  Furthermore, overdiagnosis can happen, meaning that detecting and treating that breast cancer would not make a difference in the woman’s lifespan.  According to the USPSTF report, “because the likelihood that DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ, a form of early breast cancer) will progress to invasive cancer is unknown, surgical removal – with or without adjuvant treatment – may represent overdiagnosis or overtreatment.  We know that in situ cancer can become invasive cancer that is potentially lethal; we just don’t know when and in whom.  So if it’s you, would you like to leave the DCIS in your breast and watch it grow?

Thanks to the outcry from doctors and patients alike, the USPSTF statement is not being used to deny insurance coverage for mammogram in women aged 40 to 49 years.  The current recommendation still stands, and it is annual screening mammogram starting at age 40.  The age at which screening is stopped should be individualized by considering the potential risks and benefits of screening in the context of the woman’s overall health status and longevity.

Annual Breast Ultrasound/MRI Benefits Women: RSNA 2009

Results of a large-scale clinical trial presented at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America ( RSNA 2009 ) provide the first strong evidence of the benefit of annual screening ultrasound for women with dense breasts who are at elevated risk for breast cancer. In addition, the study confirmed that MRI is highly sensitive in depicting early breast cancer.

“We found that annual screening with ultrasound in addition to mammography significantly improves the detection of early breast cancer,” said lead researcher Wendie A. Berg, M.D., Ph.D., breast imaging specialist at American Radiology Services, Johns Hopkins — Green Spring Station in Lutherville, Md., “and that significantly more early breast cancer can be found when MRI is performed, even after combined screening with both ultrasound and mammography. However, both ultrasound and MRI increase the risk of false-positive findings.”

Women who are at high risk for breast cancer need to begin screening at a younger age, because they often develop cancer earlier than women at average risk. However, women below age 50 are more likely to have dense breast tissue, which can limit the effectiveness of mammography as a screening tool.

Multicenter trials have shown that MRI enables radiologists to accurately identify tumors missed by mammography and ultrasound. The American Cancer Society recommends that some groups of women with a high risk of developing breast cancer should be screened with MRI in addition to their yearly mammogram beginning at age 30. However, MRI is not for everyone.

“Because MRI is a very expensive test and requires intravenous contrast, it is something we only recommend for screening the approximately 2 percent of women who are known or likely carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations or have other unusual circumstances that put them at very high risk for breast cancer,” Dr. Berg said.

“There are another 10 to 15 percent of women who are at some increased risk because of personal history of breast cancer, family history of breast cancer and/or dense breast tissue,” she added. “For many of these women, MRI is not currently justified, but annual ultrasound would be appropriate in addition to mammography.”

The researchers studied 612 women, mean age 55 years, at elevated risk of breast cancer enrolled at 14 sites in the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) 6666 trial funded by the Avon Foundation and the National Cancer Institute. Women underwent baseline screening mammography and ultrasound with follow-up exams at 12 and 24 months and then a single, contrast-enhanced MRI at 24 months.

Sixteen women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Twelve of the cancers were invasive, and four were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Over the course of the study, 50 to 56 percent of cancers were shown on mammography. Adding ultrasound allowed detection of 70 to 94 percent of cancers. Adding MRI allowed for detection of additional cancers at their earliest stage.

The study also found that supplemental screening with ultrasound or MRI significantly increased the risk of false-positive findings, leading to unnecessary biopsies in some women.

“It is important that women are advised of the increased potential of undergoing an unnecessary biopsy as a result of screening with ultrasound or MRI,” Dr. Berg said, “but we hope this study motivates women and their doctors to learn more about their risk factors and to consider supplemental screening in addition to mammography where indicated.”

The Cancer Industry, facts about the treatments you will be offered

There are many facts you wonâ??t be told about cancer because the less you know about it the easier it will be to manipulate you into to their system of toxic treatments. A patient whoâ??s ignorant of these facts will blindly follow authority without stopping and applying a bit of common sense because of the trust we have in our doctors and our medical system.

When someone is diagnosed with cancer what does western medicine offer us today, aggressive surgery, toxic chemicals and nuclear radiation which all destroy our immune system? Our orthodox system treats cancer as if itâ??s caused by something outside the body, where as cancer is caused because something has gone wrong inside the body. Cancer is not an invader from outer space and your parents certainly didnâ??t give you faulty genes to cause it. Cancer is a self-made disease.

If someoneâ??s been diagnosed with cancer, we know with certainty their defence mechanism, which is the immune system, had been weakened and didnâ??t destroy mutant cancer cells when they appeared. Cancer doesnâ??t just happen, it is the result of something you did, the body had been weakened by modern living, and so doesnâ??t it make sense that it can be corrected too.

We are often told that we are slowly winning the war with cancer but Iâ??ve seen little evidence of this. The cancer industry is using statistics which include easy curing cancers like skin cancers and DCIS which is a mild form of breast cancer or a pre-cancer which is 99 percent curable. Also the most common cancers are as resistance to their treatments today as they were 40 to 50 years ago.

What about the slogan; â??detect early to beat cancer?â? If that was true then the cancer rate would be coming down and it is not. Everybody is well aware of how much cancer there is today and do go for checkups. Mammograms cause harm from the radiation and they also have a high rate of false positives. Most blood tests for other cancers are highly inaccurate and biopsies can cause cancer cells to start spreading. These tests are in place because they are an excellent way to recruit patients into the cancer industry.

Another reason why we are encouraged to have cancer tests is the earlier cancer can be detected, the more chance a person will survive that critical five year period. Cancer statistics are measured as a five year survivor, which is, if you survive five years from diagnoses you are statistically a survivor, even if you die just after this. Thus, if it can be diagnoses early the meter that measures the five year survival starts running sooner.

The reasons why we only have the 3 treatments of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy is because of profit, it plays a big part in all western medicine. Thatâ??s why our drugs are artificial. Anything thatâ??s natural canâ??t be patented so they canâ??t make a profit out of it. The facts are that cancer is a billion dollar a year business, so ask yourself who gets this money, doctors, drug companies and hospitals.

While cancer may be difficult to treat, it is not a death sentence. The most effective way to beat cancer is to remove the causes. We donâ??t have cancer prevention today and thanks to our mainstream medicine the public has remained virtually illiterate on nutrition for several decades. The best way to treat all cancers is with a healthy diet of fresh fruit and vegetables along with some exercise everyday. Then the body through the immune system can reverse the cancer as it has a natural inherent capacity to heal itself.

Alan Wighton has studied all aspects of human health for many years and has specialised in cancer since the early 90s. For further information on more effective ways to overcome cancer using the powerful natural healing ability of the human body; please visit www.cancerhealed.com

Dukes Colon Cancer Staging

Dukes Colon Cancer Staging

The rash or other changes in the nipple can indicate a cancer in the breast ducts, many times located under the nipple, which has then extended itself onto the surface of the nipple.

Dukes Colon Cancer Staging

Sometimes this sign of breast cancer indicates a small ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which is a very early breast cancer that has not yet left the duct. Other times, Paget’s disease of the nipple may indicate an invasive cancer somewhere else in the breast. In some cases, a woman who shows signs of Paget’s disease of the nipple will additionally have an abnormal mammogram or have lump in her breast.

Before we move on I want to clarify that Paget’s disease of the nipple is not the same as Paget’s disease of the bone, which is a severe bone disease. Sir James Paget, a British surgeon and physiologist, discovered both conditions which were first documented by him, but they are completely unrelated diseases. Paget’s disease of the nipple can also affect men, although it is rare.

Paget’s disease of the nipple is often first noticed when physical signs of the disease appear. Signs of Paget’s disease usually only occur on one nipple and can include persistent crustiness, scaliness, or redness of the nipple, itching or burning of the nipple and surrounding areola and bleeding or oozing from the nipple and areola.

Paget’s disease can often be confused with other skin conditions, such as breast eczema. Breast Eczema is a highly treatable condition which can be characterized by red, itchy patches or weeping blisters around the nipple which reoccur, but clear up with proper treatment. Paget’s disease does not clear up with routine treatment for eczema or infection and usually only affects one nipple.

Lung Cancer Secrets Revealed Click here

A mammogram is the next step to check for cancer in the actual breast. Sometimes any underlying abnormal breast mass will not be present on a mammogram. A clean mammogram combined with an abnormal nipple finding requires further investigation.

A biopsy of the nipple tissue will need to be performed. Usually this consists of a “punch biopsy” that removes a small amount of tissue to check for cancer. If the mammogram indicates other areas of concern within the breast, biopsies of those areas should be performed.

If Paget’s disease is caught early while it is still confined to the nipple and underlying breast ducts, the patient typically has an excellent prognosis. However, if Paget’s disease of the nipple is associated with an invasive breast cancer or if the cancer has spread out of the breast to other areas of the body (metastatic disease), the survival rate can be lower.

Treatment of Paget’s disease of the nipple involves surgery, radiation treatment and Chemotherapy or drug therapy (such as tamoxifen). Like other types of breast cancer, the location of the cancer will determine which type of surgery is done – a lumpectomy or mastectomy. Radiation therapy usually follows a lumpectomy.

A recent development in surgical treatment involves removing only the nipple and areola (sometimes followed by radiation therapy) in patients whose Paget’s disease has no other underlying breast cancer, thus allowing the woman to keep her breast. Following treatment, an artificial nipple can be recreated using skin grafts and tattooing.

lung cancer treatment breakthroughs Click here

Colon Cancer Screening Guidelines 2008

Colon Cancer Screening Guidelines 2008

Breast Cancer is Paget’s disease of the nipple, which can appear as a rash on the nipple. The rash or other changes in the nipple can indicate a cancer in the breast ducts, many times located under the nipple, which has then extended itself onto the surface of the nipple.

Colon Cancer Screening Guidelines 2008

Sometimes this sign of breast cancer indicates a small ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which is a very early breast cancer that has not yet left the duct. Other times, Paget’s disease of the nipple may indicate an invasive cancer somewhere else in the breast. In some cases, a woman who shows signs of Paget’s disease of the nipple will additionally have an abnormal mammogram or have lump in her breast.

Before we move on I want to clarify that Paget’s disease of the nipple is not the same as Paget’s disease of the bone, which is a severe bone disease. Sir James Paget, a British surgeon and physiologist, discovered both conditions which were first documented by him, but they are completely unrelated diseases. Paget’s disease of the nipple can also affect men, although it is rare.

Lung Cancer Secrets Revealed Click here

Paget’s disease of the nipple is often first noticed when physical signs of the disease appear. Signs of Paget’s disease usually only occur on one nipple and can include persistent crustiness, scaliness, or redness of the nipple, itching or burning of the nipple and surrounding areola and bleeding or oozing from the nipple and areola.

Paget’s disease can often be confused with other skin conditions, such as breast eczema. Breast Eczema is a highly treatable condition which can be characterized by red, itchy patches or weeping blisters around the nipple which reoccur, but clear up with proper treatment. Paget’s disease does not clear up with routine treatment for eczema or infection and usually only affects one nipple.

A mammogram is the next step to check for cancer in the actual breast. Sometimes any underlying abnormal breast mass will not be present on a mammogram. A clean mammogram combined with an abnormal nipple finding requires further investigation.

A biopsy of the nipple tissue will need to be performed. Usually this consists of a “punch biopsy” that removes a small amount of tissue to check for cancer. If the mammogram indicates other areas of concern within the breast, biopsies of those areas should be performed.

If Paget’s disease is caught early while it is still confined to the nipple and underlying breast ducts, the patient typically has an excellent prognosis. However, if Paget’s disease of the nipple is associated with an invasive breast cancer or if the cancer has spread out of the breast to other areas of the body (metastatic disease), the survival rate can be lower.

Treatment of Paget’s disease of the nipple involves surgery, radiation treatment and Chemotherapy or drug therapy (such as tamoxifen). Like other types of breast cancer, the location of the cancer will determine which type of surgery is done – a lumpectomy or mastectomy. Radiation therapy usually follows a lumpectomy.

A recent development in surgical treatment involves removing only the nipple and areola (sometimes followed by radiation therapy) in patients whose Paget’s disease has no other underlying breast cancer, thus allowing the woman to keep her breast. Following treatment, an artificial nipple can be recreated using skin grafts and tattooing.

lung cancer treatment breakthroughs Click here

Colon Cancer Treatment Protocol

Colon Cancer Treatment Protocol

This recommendation obviously conflicts with those of the American Cancer Society (ACS) and other groups.

Colon Cancer Treatment Protocol

But many people wonder if the ACS recommendations aren’t some form of recruitment. After all, five radiologists have served as presidents of the American Cancer Society. The American College of Physicians, however, made recommendations similar to the USPS a couple of years ago and the National Breast Cancer Coalition has routinely warned women of the limitations and potential for harm that mammograms hold.

The USPS Task Force found that “Radiation-related breast cancers occur at least 10 years after exposure. Radiation from yearly mammograms during ages 40-49 has been estimated to cause one additional breast cancer death per 10,000 women.”

The National Cancer Institute states that among women under 35, mammography could cause 75 cases of breast cancer for every 15 it identifies. There’s really very little reason to have regular mammograms and plenty of reasons not to.

Lung Cancer Secrets Revealed Click here

Dangers of Mammography
Mammograms expose your body to radiation 1,000 times greater than a chest x-ray. Alternative Medicine magazine says, “Their ionizing radiation mutates cells, and the mechanical pressure can spread cells that are already malignant (as can biopsies).” Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a type of cancerous cell present in 10% of all women and in 15-60% of women in their 40′s. A mammogram might pick this up, but, as Dr. Michael Cohen of Sloan-Kettering says, “It may stay there a women’s whole life and never invade surrounding tissue…we don’t know how to tell the one that won’t spread from one that will.”

It’s treated as if it will. Surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, chemotherapy…a host of invasive and dangerous steps are taken to treat abnormalities that might never have progressed. Since mammography screening was introduced, DCIS has increased by 328% and some believe that 200% of these findings are due to the radiation and pressure to which women are subjecting during mammograms.

Mammography screenings induce a lot of unnecessary anxiety and unnecessary procedures. A large-scale Swedish study has found that 726 of 60,000 were referred to oncologists for treatment, but 70% were actually cancer-free!
The Lancet reports that of the 5% of referrals after mammograms, 93% are false positives. 90% of false positives are due to unclear readings because of breast density. The creator of the mammogram proclaimed that only about six radiologists in the US could read them correctly.

Another study, conducted by members of the Radiological Society of North America, verifies the fact that annual mammograms may be responsible for causing breast cancer in some women. In those that are predisposed to cancer according to family history, radiation from a mammography increased their risk of developing breast cancer by 150%!

A Canadian study found a 52% increase in mortality from breast cancer in young women that get regular mammograms. Another Canadian study of 500,000 women aged 40-49 found that mammograms found more tumors than unscreened women but no lives were saved because of it. In fact 36% more of the screened women died than unscreened!

All of us have cancerous cells in our body, but our immune system is able to fight them very effectively, provided we don’t have nutrient deficiencies or toxicity of some sort in our bodies. It is often the undue stress that occurs when a person believes they have cancer that causes them to succumb to a lack of hope.

Dr. Joseph Mercola agrees, “Just thinking you may have breast cancer, when you really do not, focuses your mind on fear and disease, and is actually enough to trigger an illness in your body. So a false positive on a mammogram, or an unnecessary biopsy, can really be damaging.”

Dr. Russell Blaylock estimates that annual screenings increase the risk of breast cancer by 2% each year. The younger a woman is when she starts having mammograms, the higher her risk. Over 10 years, cancer risk rises 20%.

Dr. John Gofman believes that 75% of breast cancer cases could be avoided by minimizing exposure to radiation. Another danger is that the breast tissue of premenopausal women is highly sensitive to radiation. Breast cancer risk increases by 1% for every rad unit of radiation. 10 mammograms increase this risk to 20%, and yet 40% of women over 40 have had mammograms since the 1960′s, when the rad dose was 5-10 (rather than the present 2) per screening. This is why Dr. Gofman believes that breast cancer has become the leading cause of death in American women aged 40-55-radiation from mammograms causes cancer.

A Better Option
Thermography is a new technology that does not use radiation or compression to screen breasts, nor does breast density affect its results. This process measures infrared heat from your body and interprets the information in images. Using thermography can help you detect cancerous tumors up to 10 years earlier than mammograms. Yet even after battling breast cancer herself, my mother does not feel the need for routine screening. She understands that while even safe screening tools like thermography can detect cancer, it cannot prevent the cancer in the first place.

lung cancer treatment breakthroughs Click here

Bone Cancer Treatment Australia

Staging categories are important for predicting future prognosis, and determine optimal treatment recommendations.

Bone Cancer Treatment Australia

Stage 0 is DCIS, or ductal carcinoma in situ. Breast cancer arises from the cells that line the milk ducts. When the cancerous cells are still contained inside the duct, it is diagnosed as DCIS. This can only be determined by a pathologist doctor looking at the tissue under a microscope. In general, when the DCIS lesion is small, there is no need to suspect cancer spread outside the breast.

Stage 1 is invasive or infiltrating cancer. Here, the cancer cells have broken through the duct wall and are found outside the ducts as well. In this case, doctors need to determine whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. Stage 1 breast cancer must be equal or smaller than 2 cm in its invasive component, AND have no spread to lymph nodes. Often, the tissue removed at surgery contain DCIS in addition to the invasive cancer. However, only the dimensions of the invasive cancer count. If the patient needs to have multiple surgeries and the invasive cancer is found at more than one operation, usually the dimensions are added together to arrive at the final size.

Stage 2 has two subcategories. In stage 2A, the invasive cancer can be 2 cm or less and has spread to axillary (armpit) lymph node(s), i.e. positive node(s). Also, the invasive cancer can be as large as 5 cm, but has not spread to lymph nodes, i.e. negative nodes. In stage 2B, the invasive cancer is between 2cm and up to 5 cm and has spread to nodes. Here, cancer may measure even larger than 5 cm if it has not spread to nodes.

Lung Cancer Secrets Revealed Click here

Stage 3 includes invasive cancer larger than 5 cm that has spread to lymph nodes. Also, cancer of any size that heavily involves the axillary lymph nodes to the point that these nodes are bulky and stuck together or stuck to other structures in the axilla (armpit) are in this stage. Tumor spread to lymph nodes either above or below the clavicle bone, or to nodes underneath the sternum (breast bone), also falls into this category. Furthermore, if the cancer of any size is attached to the chest wall (pectoralis muscle and/or ribs), it qualifies as stage 3. Inflammatory cancer, where the skin of the breast is red and swollen, is classified in this stage, regardless of size.

Stage 4 is invasive cancer found outside the breast and axillary lymph nodes, or “metastatic” to distant sites. At this stage, it does not matter how large the primary cancer in the breast is. Nor does it matter whether axillary/clavicle/breast bone lymph nodes have cancer or not. The most common sites for metastasis for breast cancer are bone and liver, followed by lungs and brain. Standard testing include bone scan and CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. More recently, PET scan is often done to look for cancer spread. Sometimes, a brain MRI or CT is also useful.

lung cancer treatment breakthroughs Click here