Posts Tagged ‘cervical’

First ladies in Africa commit efforts to eradicate cervical cancer

First ladies in Africa commit efforts to eradicate cervical cancer
Accra, Aug. 3, GNA – First ladies of Africa have committed themselves as champions of cervical cancer, which they described as “the most critical health issues of our time”, and the growing burden of women’s cancers in the poorest nations .

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Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment Program

Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment Program

What is Breast Cancer?

The term breast cancer refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. The breast is composed of two main types of tissues: glandular tissues and stromal (supporting) tissues. Glandular tissues house the milk-producing glands (lobules) and the ducts (the milk passages) while stromal tissues include fatty and fibrous connective tissues of the breast. The breast is also made up of lymphatic tissue-immune system tissue that removes cellular fluids and waste..

Breast Cancer Risk factors

# Age: Your chances of developing breast cancer increase with age. Close to 80 percent of breast cancers occur in women older than age 50. In your 30s, you have a one in 233 chance of developing breast cancer. By age 85, your chance is one in eight. # A personal history of breast cancer : If you’ve had breast cancer in one breast, you have an increased risk of developing cancer in the other breast. Symptoms of Breast Cancer

1. A lump or thickening in the breast or armpit.

2. A change in the size or shape of the breast.

3. Discharge from the nipple.

4. A change in the color or texture of the skin of the breast or areola (such as dimpling, puckering, or scaliness)…

Treatment of a Breast Cancer in India

Mastectomy in India Mastectomy is the surgical removal of a breast. Surgery is presently the most common treatment for breast cancer. Following mastectomy, immediate or delayed breast reconstruction is possible in many instances.

Axillary Node Dissection in India

Axillary node dissection, the surgical removal of the axillary (armpit) lymph nodes, is usually performed on patients with invasive cancers. A radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, or lumpectomy operation often includes axillary node dissection (this involves a separate incision for lumpectomy patients).

Chemotherapy in India

This section is intended to provide general information on chemotherapy for breast cancer patients and to discuss a variety of possible side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Because chemotherapy regimens are individually tailored, the types of drugs administered and their side effects will vary considerably…..

What is Cervical Cancer ?

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers that affect a woman’s reproductive organs. Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cases of cervical cancer….

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

* Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause

* Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor

* Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse……..

Risk factors of Causes of Cervical Cancer

# Many sexual partners : The greater your number of sexual partners — and the greater your partner’s number of sexual partners — the greater your chance of acquiring HPV. # Early sexual activity : Having sex before age 18 increases your risk of HPV. Immature cells seem to be more susceptible to the precancerous changes that HPV can cause.

Treatments of Cervical Cancer

Limited, noninvasive cancer

Treatment of cervical cancer that’s confined to the outside layer of the cervix typically requires treatment to remove the abnormal area of cells. For most women in this situation, no additional treatments are needed. Procedures to remove noninvasive cancer include: Cone biopsy (conization) Laser surgery Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) Cryosurgery Hysterectomy Invasive cancers

Cervical cancer that invades deeper than the outside layer of cells on the cervix is referred to as invasive cancer and requires more extensive treatment. Treatment for cervical cancer depends on several factors, such as the stage of the cancer, other health problems you may have and your own preferences about treatment.

Surgery

Surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy) is typically used to treat the early stages of cervical cancer. A simple hysterectomy involves the removal of the cancer, the cervix and the uterus. Simple hysterectomy is typically an option only when the cancer is very early stage — invasion is less than 3 millimeters (mm) into the cervix.

Radiation

Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be given externally using external beam radiation or internally (brachytherapy) by placing devices filled with radioactive material near your cervix. Radiation therapy is as effective as surgery for early-stage cervical cancer

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Having the industry’s most elaborate and exclusive Patient Care and Clinical Coordination teams stationed at each partner hospital, we provide you the smoothest and seamless care ever imagined. With a ratio of one Patient Care Manager to five patients our patient care standards are unmatched across the sub continent.

Small Cell Cervical Cancer Survival Rates

By learning a little about these cancers you can know what actions you can take to possibly save your life or the life of someone you care about.

Small Cell Cervical Cancer Survival Rates

Breast Cancer

The most common cancer that women may have to face in their lifetime is breast cancer.  This disease can strike at any age, but it most common among women 40 and older.  There are certain risk factors that may dramatically increase your chances of getting breast cancer, such as a family history of breast cancer.  All women should know about breast cancer and what they can do about it.

 Steps You Can Take

The very best way to defend against breast cancer is to detect it as early as possible when it is much easier to treat.  Early detection is the best weapon against breast cancer.

All women should have yearly mammograms starting at age 40. All women should have a clinical breast exam at least once every 2 or 3 years for women in their 20′s and 30′s, and every year for women in their 40′s or older. Women should report any changes in their breasts immediately to their doctor. All women should perform a breast self-exam at least once per month starting in their 20′s.

Women who are at an elevated risk for breast cancer (women who have a family history of breast cancer, a genetic tendency, or have had past breast cancer) should learn about the benefits of starting cancer screenings earlier, or have additional tests such as a breast x-ray, ultrasound, or MRI.  These women should talk with their doctors about these options. 

Colon Cancer

Colon cancer can affect women as well as men.  Any adult can get colorectal cancer.  It is most common among people 50 years old and above.  If you have a personal or family history of cancer, or have polyps in the colon or rectum, or inflammatory bowel disease, then you are more likely to have colon cancer.  Other risk factors are a diet consisting of high-fat foods (especially foods from animal sources), being overweight, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Steps You Can Take

Almost all colon cancer starts as a polyp in the colon.  If precancerous polyps are found and removed, then colon cancer has a great chance of being prevented.  Regular testing can find polyps before they become cancerous, and possibly save lives.

Lung Cancer Secrets Revealed Click here

Eat a low-fat diet with an emphasis on fresh fruits and vegetables to help prevent colon cancer. If you are 50 or older here are five recommendations about testing options. Yearly fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) or fecal immunochemcial test (FIT) is recommended. Every five years a flexible simoidoscopy is recommended. Combine yearly FOBT and flexible sigmoidoscopy every five years is the preferred option. Double contrast barium enema is recommended every 5 years. Every 10 years a colonoscopy is recommended. See your doctor and discuss these options and your risk for colon cancer. 

Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is cancer of the lining of the uterus and it occurs most often in women who are 50 or older.  Risk factors for this cancer are:

Estrogen therapy without also taking progesterone Using Tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment or prevention Early onset of menstrual periods or late menopause A history of infertility or never having children Obesity and diabetes Personal or family history of hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer are more likely to get endometrial cancer.

Steps You Can Take

Signs and symptoms to watch for are unusual spotting or bleeding, not related to menstrual periods.  Report these to you doctor immediately.  At menopause, women should talk about endometrial cancer with their doctors.  Pap tests are not reliable for detecting endometrial cancer, only cervical cancer.  If you have risk factors for endometrial cancer, then yearly testing with an endometrial biopsy is recommended for women 35 or older.

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is more likely to occur in women as they get older.  Other risk factors are women who have never had children or have infertility, or women who had their first child after the age of 30; women who had late menopause (after the age of 50); women who use hormone replacement therapy for more than 10 years; women who have had breast cancer.  Even if you do not have any of these risk factors, you can still get ovarian cancer.

Steps You Can Take

Unfortunately, unlike getting a mammography to detect breast cancer, there are no proven effective tests to detect ovarian cancer early.  However, a pelvic exam should be a regular part of every woman’s health exam.  Here are some other possible warning signs to discuss with your doctor: persistent swelling of the abdomen, persistent digestive problems (gas, bloating, losing your appetite), abdominal pain, pelvic pain, back pain, leg pain, feeling like you need to urinate all the time.  If you have any of these symptoms, discuss them with your doctor.

Skin Cancer

If ever spend time in the sun, then you could be at risk for skin cancer – which means anyone could be at risk!  Fair-skinned, blondes or red heads are more likely to get skin cancer than those with naturally darker skin and hair colors.  Other skin cancer risk factors are having a close family member with a melanoma, and anyone who had a severe sunburn before the age of 18.

 Steps You Can Take

Skin cancer is one of the few cancers that can (mostly) be prevented!  Avoid being out in the midday sun for long periods of time.  Wear wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, sunscreen and long-sleeved shirts.  Sunscreen should be SPF 15 or higher and you should use it on all exposed skin areas.  Don’t let your children get sunburned!  Regularly examine your skin all over your body and have your skin examined during your regular health checkups.

Cervical Cancer

Women who have had sexual activity can get cervical cancer.  Risk chances are dramatically increased in women who have HPV (human papilloma virus).  HPV is passed on to women during sex.  You increase your risk factors as you get older, and if you don’t have regular Pap tests, as well as if you smoke, have HIV or AIDS.

Steps You Can Take

Pap tests can find changes in the cervix which can be treated before they become cancerous.  Also Pap tests can detect cervical cancer in its early stages, when it is more likely to be curable.  All women should have regular cervical cancer tests after the age of 21 or within three years of beginning vaginal sex.  Testing should be done every year (for the regular Pap test) or every two years (for the newer liquid-based Pap test).  Starting at age 30, women with three normal Pap test results in a row can switch to testing every two or three years.  Talk with your doctor about how often you should have the test performed.  All women should take the newer HPV DNA test (talk to your doctor about it).

Lung Cancer

Smoking is the cause of over 80% of all lung cancers, but even people who don’t smoke can get lung cancer.

Steps You Can Take

Lung cancer, like skin cancer, can often be prevented!  If you smoke – quit!  If you don’t smoke – don’t start!  Help and encourage others to quit smoking.

The Bottom Line About Cancer

Early detection is your best weapon against cancer.  Visit with your doctor about your risk factors and what tests and screenings are recommended for you.  Doing these things could save your life!

lung cancer treatment breakthroughs Click here

Prospects Uncertain For Calif. Breast, Cervical; Cancer Screening Program

Prospects Uncertain For Calif. Breast, Cervical; Cancer Screening Program
California’s ongoing budget crisis is raising doubts about the viability of the state’s Every Woman Counts breast and cervical cancer screening program for low-income women, the San Jose Mercury News reports (Theriault, San Jose Mercury News, 7/10). The state stopped paying for the screenings July 1, when the new fiscal year began, because the state budget had not been enacted, according to the …

Read more on Medical News Today

New Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines

New Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines

When these genes are mutated, they are then called oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes involved in breast cancer are mostly those that cause more cell division by making the cell cycle go faster and accelerate. New Cervical Cancer Screening GuidelinesThey are involved in pushing cell division harder, stronger and faster.

One of the proto-oncogenes is related to the epidermal growth factor receptor. This receptor plays a vital role at certain times of the life cycle, such as puberty, when big changes are going on with body growth, wherein a protein known as epidermal growth factor functions to promote cell growth. This protein binds to an epidermal growth factor receptor and signals the cell to grow. When the proto-oncogene for the receptor is over expressed, it doesn’t wait for the epidermal growth factor receptor to tell it to grow. Instead, cells begin to grow independently, just like getting stuck in the “ON” position.

Another type of epidermal growth factor receptor is a subtype, the epidermal growth factor receptor 2. This receptor is more commonly known as Her-2/neu oncogene. The type of genetic alteration that Her-2/neu has in breast cancer is known as amplification. Instead of having only one copy during cell division, the cell makes numerous copies of this gene, about ten to sixty times more. Either the gene over expression or the extra protein can be measured in a woman’s cancer by examining the cancer tissue that has been resected. Since Her-2/neu oncogene encodes a growth factor receptor, it functions in signaling the cells to grow faster and faster, although it is not involved in cancer invasiveness. About 70 to 80 percent breast precancers have over expression of Her-2/neu oncogene. The cancer cells are still contained within the breast duct, but they have been programmed to grow much faster because of the over expression of such oncogene. Although Her-2/neu oncogene was first identified in breast cancer, research is also being done to see if it is also involved in other cancer types such as lung, pancreas and ovary cancer.

Lung Cancer Secrets Revealed Click here

For breast cancer to have an invasive nature, it needs more than one genetic alteration. So long as there’s only over expression of Her-2/neu oncogene, the cancer will remain confined within the breast duct. If it requires other forms of genetic alterations, one that causes cancer cells to move out of the ductal region or make new blood vessels (angiogenesis), then it can spread. If the cancer patient has these invasive cancer alterations and one of the accelerated cancer growths, then it is worse. People with both of these genetic alterations have a worse prognosis than with only one type of alteration alone. Cancer not only requires excessive cancer cell proliferation, it also has to invade, grow new blood vessels and spread from the breast area.

One of the fascinating things that have happened in recent years is that there is now an antibody to counteract the Her-2/neu receptor, which can be given intravenously to breast cancer patients. It has quite a unique mechanism of action. It attaches only to cells with too much Her-2/neu receptor, not the normal ones, so that while it antagonizes Her-2/neu cells, it leaves the other cells unaffected. Unlike chemotherapy, with which case most dividing cells are destroyed, it is a targeted therapy. So far, this treatment has been used only in metastatic breast cancer, but it has implications for disease that hasn’t spread yet.

lung cancer treatment breakthroughs Click here